Evidencia molecular de la ocurrencia de bacterias celulolíticas del género Cohnella en especies neotropicales de Nasutitermitinae colectadas en el NEA / Molecular evidence that cellulolytic bacterial genus Cohnella is widespread among Neotropical Nasutitermitinae from NE Argentina

Cohnella is a highly cellulolytic bacterial genus, which can be found in a variety of habitats. The aim of this study was to assess its presence in the digestive tract of termite species collected in North-eastern Argentina: Nasutitermes aquilinus, N. corniger and Cortaritermes fulviceps. Gut homogenates were incubated with cellulosic substrate for bacterial growth. Bacterial 16S rDNA was partially amplified using new primers for Cohnella spp. and cloned. Sequences obtained showed highest similarity (97.2-99.9%) with those of Cohnella spp. previously reported from diverse environments. Phylogenetic analysis tended to group the clones according to their host species and sampling sites. These results indicate the association of Cohnella-related intestinal symbionts with three common Neotropical termites. Their potential industrial application encourages further research.

Cohnella es un género de bacterias celulolíticas que puede ser encontrado en una variedad de hábitats. El propósito de este estudio fue registrar su presencia en el tracto digestivo de termitas (Nasutitermes aquilinus, N. corniger y Cortaritermes fulviceps) colectadas en el noreste argentino (NEA). Se incubaron homogenados de intestinos en sustrato celulósico para multiplicar las bacterias. Utilizando nuevos cebadores para Cohnella spp., se amplificó una porción del ADN ribosomal 16S bacteriano, el cual fue posteriormente clonado. Las secuencias obtenidas mostraron su mayor porcentaje de similitud (97,2-99,9%) con Cohnella spp., previamente reportadas en diversos ambientes. El análisis filogenético tendió a agrupar a los clones de acuerdo a la especie hospedante y al sitio de muestreo. Estos resultados indican que especies de termitas frecuentes en el NEA albergan simbiontes intestinales relacionados con el género Cohnella. Las potenciales aplicaciones industriales de estos microorganismos animan a profundizar los estudios.

Trombo e vegetação em átrio direito em paciente renal crônico e bacteremia frequente / Right atrium thrombosis and vegetation in chronic renal patient with frequent bacteremia

A utilização temporária de catéter central, em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica, pode estar associada a trombo em átrio direito. Na ocorrência de bacteremia, a hipótese de trombo infectado, apesar de raro, deve ser lembrada, devido à gravidade do quadro clínico e à necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica.

Predicción del crecimiento de la Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis en leche descramada estéril en función a la temperatura / Growth prediction of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis in sterile skimed milk as a function of temperature

Diversos modelos matemáticos han sido desarrollados con el objeto de predecir el comportamiento de las poblaciones bacterianas en fase de crecimiento en condiciones controladas a nivel de laboratorio, muchos de estos han sido validados en condiciones de producción, transporte y almacenamiento de alimentos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fué adaptar un modelo matemático utilizando ecuaciones obtenidas como resultado del análisis con modelos secundarios de los coeficientes de regresión de la ecuación de Gompertz, a efectos de lograr predecir las poblaciones en crecimiento de Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis en leche en polvo reconstituida y esterilizada, controlando la temperatura en el rango desde 9 a 39°C. Con este fin, los coeficientes “A” y “B” se analizaron con el modelo de la raíz cuadrada, obteniéndose valores de R2 = 0,819 y 0,991, respectivamente, mientras que el modelo hiperbólico se utilizó para modelar los coeficientes “D” (R2= 0,812) y “M” (R2= 0,995). Finalmente se obtuvo una expresión reparametrizada del modelo original de Gompertz, sustituyendo cada coeficiente de regresión por la ecuación que lo describe, en función a las diferentes temperaturas estudiadas, siendo este modelo utilizado para predecir directamente las poblaciones del microorganismo en estudio a cualquier temperatura dentro del rango estudiado. Se obtuvieron diferencias muy pequeñas entre la población observada experimentalmente y la ajustada según la aplicación del modelo desarrollado, observándose una distribución bastante equilibrada de los valores residuales. Se recomienda utilizar este tipo de modelo para describir el crecimiento de poblaciones combinadas en productos como leche pasteurizada comercial.

Several mathematic models have been developed to predict the behavior of bacteria populations in growing phase and controlled conditions at the laboratory. Many of these models have been validated under food production, transportation and storage conditions. The objective of this study was to adapt a mathematical model using equations obtained as a result of the analysis with secondary models of regression coefficients from the Gompertz equation, to predict population of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis in the growing phase in reconstituted and sterilized powder milk, controlling temperature in a range of 9 to 39°C. Prediction was done by the analysis of “A” and “B” coefficients, using the square root model, obtaining R2 values = 0.819 and 0.991, respectively. Furthermore, a hyperbolic model was used for modeling “D” (R2= 0.812) and “M” (R2= 0.995) coefficients. Finally, a reparametrized expression of the original Gompertz model was obtained replacing each regression coefficient by the described equation, in relation to the different studied temperatures. Thus, this model was used to directly predict the population of microorganism under study at any temperature in the studied range. Small differences were obtained between both, the experimental and the adjusted populations, according to the application of the developed model. A well balanced distribution of the residual values was observed. The use of this type of models is recommended to describe growth of combined microorganism populations in products such as commercial pasteurized milk.

O efeito do laser de baixa energia no crescimento bacteriano "in vitro" / Low level laser effect in \"in vitro\" bacterial growth

OBJETIVO: Avaliar, por meio de estudo bacteriológico in vitro, o efeito de dois tipos de laser de baixa energia (LBE) sobre diferentes populações bacterianas habitualmente presentes em feridas pós-traumáticas. MÉTODOS: Foram colhidos swabs diretamente do sítio de infecção de pacientes internados com osteomielite pós-traumática crônica. As bactérias isoladas foram Acinetobacter baumanii complex, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonela sp, Serratia sp e Staphylococcus aureus. O material coletado foi semeado em meio ágar-sangue, através de alça estéril, utilizando-se 30 placas de Petri para cada germe. Foram utilizados dois aparelhos de LBE: Ibramed Laser Pulse #01189, com 15W/904nm por 200 segundos, e Phisiolux dual Bioset #9909001, com 20W/904nm por 230 segundos. Nos grupos I (n = 10) e II (n = 10), as bactérias sofreram irradiação pelo laser. O grupo III (n = 10) serviu de controle, não sendo irradiado. As bactérias dos grupos I e II foram irradiadas em câmara de fluxo laminar, previamente esterilizada por raio ultravioleta. O laser foi administrado de forma direta, central e perpendicularmente à superfície de cultivo das bactérias, com distância-padrão de 1cm, através de orifício confeccionado na tampa das placas. O crescimento bacteriano foi analisado após 12 e 24 horas da irradiação. Os resultados foram processados estatisticamente, utilizando-se o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskall-Wallis, com nível de significância p < 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: Observou-se comportamento similar entre as populações bacterianas nos três grupos experimentais após 12 e 24 horas da irradiação com os dois tipos de LBE, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante no crescimento bacteriano entre os grupos I e II e entre estes e o grupo III (controle). CONCLUSÃO: O efeito do LBE, nas condições estudadas, mostrou-se inócuo quanto ao aumento do número de unidades formadoras de colônias bacterianas,...

OBJECTIVE: To perform an in vitro bacteriologic study to evaluate the effect of two types of low level laser (LLL) on different bacterial populations usually present in post-traumatic wounds. METHODS: Swabs were prepared directly at the infection site of patients hospitalized with chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Isolated bacteria were Acinetobacter baumanii complex, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonela sp, Serratia sp, and Staphylococcus aureus. The material collected was seeded in agar-blood medium with a sterile loop, using 30 Petri dishes for each germ. Two LLL devices were used: Ibramed Laser Pulse #01189, with 15W/904nm for 200 seconds, and Phisiolux dual Bioset #9909001, with 20W/904nm for 230 seconds. In groups I (n = 10) and II (n = 10), bacteria were irradiated with laser. Group III (n = 10) was the control group and was not irradiated. Bacteria in groups I and II were submitted to radiation in a laminar flow chamber that was previously sterilized with UV rays, and the laser was directly, centrally, and perpendicularly applied to the bacteria cultivation surface, from a standard distance of one centimeter, through an orifice made in the lid of the dishes. Bacterial growth was analyzed 12 and 24 hours after the irradiation. Results were statistically processed using the non-parametric test of Kruskall-Wallis, with a significance level p < 5 percent. RESULTS: A similar behavior was seen in the bacterial population of the three groups studied after 12 and 24 hours of irradiation with the two types of LLL, and there was no statistically significant difference in the bacterial growth between groups I and II and between these two groups and group III (control). CONCLUSION: In the conditions of this study, the effect of LLL showed to be innocuous for the increase in the number of units forming bacterial colonies, in the doses used in this study, as an adjuvant for...